Opinion | Israels Pager Bombs Have No Place in a Just War

The exploding pagers and walkie-talkies targeting members of Hezbollah in Lebanon were certainly an espionage and technological coup.Few people on the spot or reading about them from far away could fail to be amazed.

But the explosions on Tuesday and Wednesday were also very likely war crimes — terrorist attacks by a state that has consistently condemned terrorist attacks on its own citizens.Yes, the devices most probably were being used by Hezbollah operatives for military purposes.This might make them a legitimate target in the continuous cross-border battles between Israel and Hezbollah.

But the attacks, which killed at least 37 people and wounded thousands of others, came when the operatives were not operating; they had not been mobilized and they were not militarily engaged.Rather, they were at home with their families, sitting in cafes, shopping in food markets — among civilians who were randomly killed and injured.Israel has neither confirmed nor denied responsibility for the attacks but is widely believed to be behind them.

If those allegations are true, it is important for friends of Israel to say: This was not right.The theory of just war depends heavily on the distinction between combatants and civilians.In contemporary warfare, these two groups are often mixed together in the same spaces — often, indeed, deliberately mixed together, because the killing of civilians invites moral condemnation.

The war that Hamas designed in Gaza is a grim illustration of the strategy of putting civilians at risk for political gain.Still, a military responding to this strategy has to do everything it can to avoid or minimize civilian casualties.

Israel claims to be doing that in Gaza, although serious criticism of its conduct there has appeared in media around the world, not to mention a case brought against Israeli and Hamas officials alike at the International Criminal Court alleging war crimes and crimes against humanity.No similar claim of minimizing risk to...