Less than a year before the end of World War II, then US Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau drew up a nightmarish plan to punish postwar Germany.After the serial 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War, World War I, and World War II — along with the failed Versailles peace treaty of 1919 — the Allies in World War II wanted to ensure there would never again be an aggressive Germany powerful enough to invade its neighbors.When the so-called Morgenthau Plan was leaked to the press in September 1944, at first it was widely praised.After all, it would supposedly render Germany incapable of ever starting another world war in Europe.Morgenthau certainly envisioned a Carthaginian peace, designed to ensure a permanently deindustrialized, unarmed and pastoral Germany.Postwar Germany would have resembled something akin to the ancient, pre-civilized frontier that the first-century AD historian Tacitus wrote about in his “Germania.”The plan would have ensured that within six months of Germany’s surrender, all of its industrial plants and equipment were to be dismantled.The Ruhr, the renowned center of European industrial strength, was to be permanently neutered, starved of its energy, raw materials and infrastructure.After the war, the plan demanded virtual complete disarmament of Germany.
Its once-feared armed forces were to be rendered nonexistent.There were also promised massive reductions in Germany’s borders.Various countries, such as the Soviet Union, Poland and France, were to be given large slices of the old Third Reich.Future German security would hinge only on the power and goodwill of the victorious United States and its allies.When the dying Nazi Party got wind of the plan, Hitler’s propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels had a field day.
He screamed to Germans that they were all doomed to oblivion if they lost the war, even the growing opponents of the Nazi Party.Even many Americans were aghast at the plan.Gen.George Marshall, the Army Chief of Staff, war...