China Outlines Plan to Bolster Consumption in Face of Trump Tariffs

The Chinese government and the Communist Party jointly issued a lengthy list of planned initiatives on Sunday to get people to spend more, in yet another move by Beijing to offset potential harm from its escalating economic warfare with Washington.The road map for economic stimulus included larger pensions, better medical benefits and higher wages — measures that could bolster China’s lagging domestic consumption.But it assigned many of these tasks to the country’s local governments, many of which are struggling under enormous debts and plummeting revenues from the sale of state land.The action comes as China’s leaders are searching for ways to rebalance the economy away from its current dependence on an ever-rising trade surplus, which reached almost $1 trillion last year.

President Trump has already imposed 20 percent tariffs on China’s shipments to the United States.Countries in Europe, Latin America, Africa and the Middle East are also raising tariffs on China’s flood of manufactured-goods exports.Part of the document released on Sunday seemed aimed at reassuring the Chinese public that their investments were safe, so that they would start spending money again.

The authorities promised to undertake “multiple measures to stabilize the stock market” and to underpin the real estate market, which has been marred by falling property prices.A housing market crash has wiped out much of the savings of China’s middle class in the past three years.Chinese households have responded by curtailing their spending on hotels, restaurants and other services and stuffing savings into bank deposits that pay very little interest.One bright spot of late for China has been its stock markets.

In the United States, the tariffs and uncertainty caused by Mr.Trump’s policies dragged the S&P 500 last week into a correction, down more than 10 percent from its peak.

But China’s markets are positive, partly on enthusiasm for the country’s progress in developing...